發(fā)布日期:2015-07-24來源: 來自網(wǎng)絡
《Environmental Pollution》7月7日文章,原題:Is long-term exposure to traffic pollution associated with mortality? A small-area study in London。
長期暴露于交通污染物下可能對健康有害,但很少有研究其對死亡率的影響. 我們在小面積水平使用線性和分段線性泊松回歸模型研究了6種主要的交通污染物濃度與2003-2010年全因死亡率和特異性死亡率之間的關系。這六種污染物分別是NOx,NO2,汽車尾氣排放的PM2.5和PM10,剎車和輪胎引起的 PM2.5和 PM10。
線性模型顯示大部分交通污染物濃度與全因死亡率,心血管或呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病死亡率呈現(xiàn)負相關或者不相關。分段線性泊松回歸模型顯示在低濃度范圍內,大部分的污染物濃度與全因死亡率正相關(例如,尾氣排放每增加0.15 μg/m3 PM2.5,全因死亡率的相對風險(RR)為1.07,95%可信區(qū)間(CI)= 1.00–1.15),但在高濃度暴露范圍內 ,污染物濃度與全因死亡率呈負相關(相應的RR 為0.93, 95% CI: 0.91–0.96). 綜上所述,交通污染物濃度與死亡率沒有明顯的正相關。我們在低濃度組發(fā)現(xiàn)的強正相關可能反映了未測的其他污染物對實驗有影響。
Abstract
Long-term exposure to primary traffic pollutants may be harmful for health but few studies have investigated effects on mortality. We examined associations for six primary traffic pollutants with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 2003–2010 at small-area level using linear and piecewise linear Poisson regression models. In linear models most pollutants showed negative or null association with all-cause, cardiovascular or respiratory mortality. In the piecewise models we observed positive associations in the lowest exposure range (e.g. relative risk (RR) for all-cause mortality 1.07 (95% credible interval (CI) = 1.00–1.15) per 0.15 μg/m3 increase in exhaust related primary particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)) whereas associations in the highest exposure range were negative (corresponding RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91–0.96). Overall, there was only weak evidence of positive associations with mortality. That we found the strongest positive associations in the lowest exposure group may reflect residual confounding by unmeasured confounders that varies by exposure group.
原文鏈接:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749115003292